56 ALRAQABA . ISSUE 20 • High-speed Internet. • Cloud computing. • Cybersecurity • Electronic signature. • Digital identity Chapter Three: Financial Inclusion Challenges and constraints The large-scale implementation of financial inclusion in countries requires the availability of specific requirements, and meeting these requirements represents one of the critical challenges to the success of the financial inclusion program. The most important of these requirements are: 1. Expanding the financial service providers’ network. 2. Expanding the provision of digital financial services. 3. Promoting a financial culture within the community. 4. Establishing a regulatory, legislative, and supervisory environment. 5. Identifying and assessing risks associated with financial inclusion initiatives. Financial inclusion constraints: 1. Technical constraints; and 2. Economic constraints. Chapter Four: Indicators of Financial Inclusion Several indicators can be used to measure levels of financial inclusion on an international level, the most important of which are: 1. Indicator of the percentage of financial accounts of the adult population. 2. Indicator of credit card usage. 3. Percentage of financial services users via mobile phones and the Internet. Chapter Five: Economic Implications of Financial Inclusion Financial inclusion has many implications on the macroeconomics in any country, the most important of which are: 1. Economic growth 2. Financial stability 3. Inflation 4. Equality in income distribution Chapter Six: Financial Inclusion in the Arab Republic of Egypt Financial inclusion has appeared in the objectives list of Egypt’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2023. In addition, Resolution 2301/2016 was issued addressing financial inclusion, and it entails the following: 1. Establishing a central administration for financial inclusion at the Central Bank. 2. Issuing a statement by the Central Bank of Egypt that includes guidance to implement financial inclusion. Featured Book
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